![]() Otherwise, consider to use a polyclonal antibody. In this case, choose a monoclonal antibody that can recognize continuous residues, or linear epitopes. As a result, these monoclonal antibodies may fail to recognize the epitope on the denatured state of the target proteins.Äiscontinuous residues are amino acids far apart in primary sequences, but close to each other in the folded structures. Monoclonal antibodies produced against native proteins may recognize a conformational epitope, or an epitope containing discontinuous amino acid residues ( Liang, 1998). A change in the structure of protein caused by chemicals, pH, or temperature, can affect the efficiency of the monoclonal antibodies. However, depending on the epitope, monoclonal antibodies can also be ineffective for these methods. They can also be used for Western Blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence assay (IF). Monoclonal antibodies are also useful for quantifying the levels of a particular target protein for example, in ELISA or radioimmunoassay. Due to this reason, producing therapeutic antibodies is one attractive approach for drug development ( Lu et al., 2020). Monoclonal antibodies have high specificity, so they are useful for some research applications requiring antibodies specific to a single epitope. What are monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies used for? Monoclonal Antibodies
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